Kazakhstan, the world’s largest uranium producer, is intensifying efforts to address its energy challenges. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has called for accelerating the construction of the country’s first nuclear power plant (NPP) and initiating the development of a nuclear cluster to enhance energy security and support national progress.
During an expanded government meeting on Tuesday, President Tokayev underscored the urgency of the project, citing the country’s growing energy deficit.
“Amid a growing energy deficit, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of the first nuclear power plant and, overall, to initiate the development of a nuclear cluster in the country,” he said. “This is a critical task for ensuring our country’s progress.”
The President instructed the government, in collaboration with the Samruk-Kazyna Sovereign Wealth Fund, to draft long-term plans for the nuclear sector. He emphasized the need for a well-defined strategy, including selecting suitable locations for future NPPs and adopting advanced, secure technologies.
“We need a clear and precise concept. It is necessary to identify the most suitable locations for the construction of future NPPs, as well as adopt cutting-edge and secure technologies, based on comprehensive analysis,” Tokayev stated.
Kazakhstan’s push for nuclear energy comes amid rising domestic energy demand and the need to reduce reliance on imports. The country currently imports up to 20 percent of its energy from Russia. To achieve energy self-sufficiency and establish reserves of 15–20 percent, Tokayev also called for adding at least three gigawatts of new energy capacity within two years – a significant increase compared to previous years.
Beyond the NPP project, the President highlighted the need to integrate the Western Zone’s electrical networks with the Unified Electric Power System by 2027 and to reinforce the Southern Zone’s grids. He also pointed to ongoing investments in green energy and combined-cycle plants as part of Kazakhstan’s broader energy strategy.
Public support for nuclear energy remains strong, with more than 70 percent of voters approving the construction of the NPP in a national referendum held on October 6. However, opinions remain divided. While supporters view nuclear energy as essential for Kazakhstan’s energy independence, critics argue that existing capacity may render nuclear power unnecessary.
Environmental concerns have also been raised, particularly regarding a potential NPP near Lake Balkhash. Opponents warn that an accident could have severe consequences for the environment and public health. Proponents, however, see nuclear energy as a necessary step forward, citing Kazakhstan’s vast uranium resources and its commitment to cleaner energy.
Kazakhstan holds approximately 12 percent of the world’s recoverable uranium resources. Although the country has not used its uranium for electricity generation in decades, it previously operated a nuclear facility from 1973 to 1999 for power generation and water desalination. The facility was closed as part of Kazakhstan’s commitment to the global non-proliferation regime.